The Supreme Court on Thursday overturned by a 5-4 decision a lower court order, deciding at least temporarily that the National Institutes of Health does not need to continue paying out approximately $783 million in research grants to projects that the NIH has since stopped funding.
But the court, in its emergency-docket order, also left in place by a 5-4 order a lower court ruling that threw out NIH memos that enforced the administration's policies.
Justice Amy Coney Barrett sided with the court's conservatives save Chief Justice John Roberts, who sided with the court's three liberals.
In February, the NIH, which describes itself as the "largest public funder of biomedical research in the world," began terminating federal grants en masse for projects that did not "align with" the Trump administration's policies.
In what the American Civil Liberties Union has referred to as "an ideological purge," Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the secretary of health and human services, instructed a reevaluation of all grants funding or supporting "DEI and gender identity research activities and programs." Funding was also withdrawn from projects studying "vaccine hesitancy" and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, projects that the NIH asserts have "outlasted" their "limited purpose."
The NIH leaders argue that "awards can be terminated if they do not support agency objectives or policies," as noted in the NIH's Notice of Award stipulations. They compared this case to an April Supreme Court emergency-docket decision where the justices allowed the administration to freeze $65 million worth of Department of Education DEI-related grants while the case proceeded in the lower courts.
Sixteen states, as well as advocacy organizations and researchers, disagreed — they sued the NIH and Kennedy, arguing that terminating the research grants is unconstitutional.
A federal District judge concluded that the terminations were based on "no reasoned decision-making" and, after a bench trial, temporarily reinstated the grants. In his decision, Judge William Young criticized the NIH for breaking "a historical norm of a largely apolitical scientific research agency." The 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals refused to intervene in the lower court's temporary decision.
But on Thursday, the Supreme Court blocked the District Court's order, allowing the Trump administration to pause paying out grants to researchers as this case proceeds in the lower courts.
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